Only Central Government is appropriate authority for disputes of Central PSUs under Section 2(a).
2026 LLR WEB 603
ALLAHABAD HIGH COURT
Compassionate appointment is not a vested or inheritable right for multiple dependents.
2026 LLR WEB 604
GUJARAT HIGH COURT
Territorial jurisdiction depends on place of employment and termination, not management's head office.
2026 LLR WEB 607
DELHI HIGH COURT
Murder due to personal enmity lacks employment nexus and is not compensable under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923.
2026 LLR WEB 608
HIMACHAL PRADESH HIGH COURT
Cause of action for service removal arises on removal date; criminal acquittal does not extend limitation.
2026 LLR WEB 610
CHHATTISGARH HIGH COURT
Domestic enquiry remains fair where the workman voluntarily abstains without proving prejudice or denial of natural justice.
2026 LLR WEB 612
CHANDIGARH HIGH COURT
Once a domestic enquiry is held to be unfair and improper, the enquiry stands vitiated in its entirety, and the burden shifts squarely to the employer to prove the alleged misconduct afresh before the Labour Court by leading independent evidence.
2026 LLR WEB 614
KARNATAKA HIGH COURT
Guest faculty paid honorarium lack employer-employee relationship and are not workmen.
2026 LLR WEB 615
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
State Government cannot grant interim relief under Section 10-B after dispute reference.
2026 LLR WEB 616
KARNATAKA HIGH COURT
Appeals under Section 17 of the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 require strict compliance with limitation and deposit certificate; delay cannot be condoned.
2026 LLR WEB 617
JAMMU & KASHMIR HIGH COURT
Serious misconduct like assault justifies dismissal despite long service or union status.
2026 LLR WEB 619
CHHATTISGARH HIGH COURT
Definitions under the Minimum Wages Act cannot be imported into the Payment of Bonus Act.
2026 LLR WEB 620
DELHI HIGH COURT
Employees performing managerial or supervisory duties are excluded from definition of "workman" under Section 2(s).
2026 LLR WEB 605
JHARKHAND HIGH COURT
Statutory minimum wage notifications override executive orders fixing honorarium.
2026 LLR WEB 609
ALLAHABAD HIGH COURT
Bona fide closure severs employment; no reinstatement or absorption arises under the Industrial Disputes Act.
2026 LLR WEB 611
ANDHRA PRADESH HIGH COURT
Bona fide closure severs employment; no reinstatement or absorption arises under the Industrial Disputes Act.
2026 LLR WEB 611
ANDHRA PRADESH HIGH COURT
Accidents during personal acts after completion of work do not arise in course of employment.
2026 LLR WEB 606
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Cause of action for service removal arises on removal date; criminal acquittal does not extend limitation.
2026 LLR WEB 610
CHHATTISGARH HIGH COURT
Gram Panchayat membership is not employment and cannot justify denial of reinstatement.
2026 LLR WEB 613
KARNATAKA HIGH COURT
Back wages require proof of wrongful termination; they cannot rest on presumptions or later regularization.
2026 LLR WEB 621
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Section 2A(2) applies only to disputes arising from discharge, dismissal, retrenchment, termination, or refusal of employment, and not to disputes arising from a lawful transfer.
2026 LLR WEB 622
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Writ jurisdiction under Article 226 is discretionary, and stale service challenges filed after inordinate and unexplained delay are barred by laches.
2026 LLR WEB 623
CHHATTISGARH HIGH COURT
Employer must prove abandonment and conduct enquiry; otherwise, termination is illegal under labour law.
2026 LLR WEB 624
DELHI HIGH COURT
Long, legal engagement on sanctioned posts amounts to unfair labour practice justifying regularization.
2026 LLR WEB 625
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Industrial Court under Item 9 of Schedule IV of the MRTU and PULP Act, 1971 can execute crystallized benefits, not disputed or independent entitlements.
2026 LLR WEB 626
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Valid domestic enquiry and established breach of trust bar reappreciation or punishment substitution.
2026 LLR WEB 627
TELANGANA HIGH COURT
Full back wages require pleading and proof of unemployment; reinstatement alone may suffice.
2026 LLR WEB 628
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Interest under Section 4A(3) of the Employees Compensation Act, 1923 runs from accident date until actual deposit of compensation.
2026 LLR WEB 629
DELHI HIGH COURT
Loss of earning capacity must be medically assessed; tribunals cannot presume functional disability for assessing compensation under Employees' Compensation Act, 1923.
2026 LLR WEB 630
ORISSA HIGH COURT
Suppression of material facts and inconsistent pleadings constitute fraud, warranting review and corrective relief.
2026 LLR WEB 631
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Labour Court cannot reduce dismissal on sympathy when enquiry is fair and charges proved.
2026 LLR WEB 632
PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT
Authority under Section 20 must be statutorily competent; Assistant Labour Commissioner lacks inherent jurisdiction.
2026 LLR WEB 633
MADHYA PRADESH HIGH COURT
Protection under Section 25F requires proof of 240 days' continuous service in preceding twelve months.
2026 LLR WEB 634
RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT
Procedural violation of Section 25F does not compel reinstatement of daily wagers; compensation may be granted.
2026 LLR WEB 635
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Wage revision and DA awards must be based on evidence applying industry-cum-region and capacity-to-pay principles.
2026 LLR WEB 636
ORISSA HIGH COURT
Wage revision and DA awards must be based on evidence applying industry-cum-region and capacity-to-pay principles.
2026 LLR WEB 637
DELHI HIGH COURT
Employment agreements can constitute valid proof of right to apply for a patent under Section 7(2).
2026 LLR WEB 637
DELHI HIGH COURT
Withdrawal of long-standing customary concession of additional increments without statutory notice under Section 9-A of Industrial Disputes Act constitutes unfair labour practice
2026 LLR WEB 638
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Upon bona fide closure of a unit and payment of Section 25FFF compensation, reinstatement is impermissible.
2026 LLR WEB 639
JHARKHAND HIGH COURT
Length of service alone cannot justify modifying penalty when habitual misconduct and adverse record are proved.
2026 LLR WEB 644
DELHI HIGH COURT
Employer alleging misconduct must prove prejudice to establish charge; unauthorized possession of bank materials without evidence of actual harm or misuse insufficient to justify removal from service.
2026 LLR WEB 642
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Notification appointing commencement date of Industrial Relations Code, 2020 without specifying repeal of existing enactments under Section 104 renders new regime unworkable.
2026 LLR WEB 645
DELHI HIGH COURT
Illegal termination for procedural lapse does not automatically warrant reinstatement; compensation may be appropriate.
2026 LLR WEB 647
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Workman must prove direct employment; contractor-paid wages negate principal employer-employee relationship.
2026 LLR WEB 648
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
High Court's limited scope of judicial review in disciplinary proceedings; punishment not disproportionate where employee repeatedly absent without leave despite family circumstances.
2026 LLR WEB 664
GUJARAT HIGH COURT
Statutory appellate authority empowered to condone delay in filing appeal under EPF Act; writ court remands matter for adjudication on merits.
2026 LLR WEB 665
GUJARAT HIGH COURT
Labour Court cannot dismiss claims on procedural technicalities ignoring substantive compliance.
2026 LLR WEB 666
JHARKHAND HIGH COURT
Labour Court must decide fairness of domestic enquiry as a preliminary issue when employer relies on it.
2026 LLR WEB 618
HIMACHAL PRADESH HIGH COURT
The Industrial Disputes Act and the Standing Orders Act have not been repealed yet.
2026 LLR 135
MADRAS HIGH COURT
The savings clause under the Code on Wages, 2019 protects actions taken under the old law.
2026 LLR 128
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Under the Code on Social Security, 2020 a new welfare cess scheme may be framed.
2026 LLR 130
MADRAS HIGH COURT
The Industrial Relations Code provides for the labour authorities to carry out thorough inspections.
2026 LLR 132
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
The existing Labour Courts and Industrial Tribunals will continue to adjudicate existing and new cases.
2026 LLR 135
MADRAS HIGH COURT
A person who can supervise any person by virtue of his singular authority is not a 'workman'.
2026 LLR 119
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
When an employee had worked with both the holding and the subsidiary entity, both the entities are to be made jointly liable for payment of gratuity.
2026 LLR 141
ORISSA HIGH COURT
A trust carrying out commercial activities and employing staff for maintenance would be an 'industry'.
2026 LLR 176
JAMMU & KASHMIR HIGH COURT
The initial burden is upon the employee to prove the engagement and duration of service.
2026 LLR 149
DELHI HIGH COURT
Maternity benefits cannot be denied by giving technical breaks of one or two days.
2026 LLR 152
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Non implementation of Industrial Tribunal's award by itself is not contempt.
2026 LLR 180
MADRAS HIGH COURT
Accident compensation is payable when an employee died owing to a fight while returning home.
2026 LLR 137
DELHI HIGH COURT
Lump sum compensation in lieu of reinstatement is proper when worker raised dispute after 16 years.
2026 LLR 125
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
A pilot is a workman and can raise industrial disputes.
2026 LLR 164
DELHI HIGH COURT
PoSH proceedings do not substitute disciplinary jurisdiction unless the service rules so provide.
2026 LLR 146
GAUHATI HIGH COURT
Merely drawing a high salary would not deem a person to be a supervisor.
2026 LLR 164
DELHI HIGH COURT
Principal employer will have to absorb contractor's workers if he grants leaves or salary advances.
2026 LLR 156
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
ESI declaration cannot be treated as a conclusive proof of commencement of employment in isolation.
2026 LLR 149
DELHI HIGH COURT
Provisions relating to international workers under the EPF Scheme are not unconstitutional.
2026 LLR 182
DELHI HIGH COURT
No PF liability upon principal employer when the contractors had independent code numbers.
2026 LLR 218
GUJARAT HIGH COURT
Demand notice cannot be issued against the employer by the EPFO without conducting any en-quiry.
2026 LLR 210
KERALA HIGH COURT
The EPF Authority is not confined to the names assigned to salary components.
2026 LLR 202
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Employer can challenge both the original order as well as the recovery order before the CGIT.
2026 LLR 234
MADRAS HIGH COURT
A Director would be liable for prosecution even if he resigned after the default took place.
2026 LLR 224
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
It is mandatory for the PF authorities to identify beneficiaries and deposit their dues accordingly.
2026 LLR 206
GAUHATI HIGH COURT
The EPFO must consider application of an employee when an incorrect UAN entry was made.
2026 LLR 217
MADRAS HIGH COURT
High Court may grant extra time for filing of appeal when employer erroneously approached it in the first instance.
2026 LLR 229
ORISSA HIGH COURT
Remanding the matter to the CGIT would be proper when there was non-application of mind.
2026 LLR 234
MADRAS HIGH COURT
EPFO should make efforts to recover dues from company assets before initiating criminal prosecution.
2026 LLR 224
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Recovery action can only be taken after an enquiry ascertaining dues is held as per natural justice.
2026 LLR 210
KERALA HIGH COURT
CGIT cannot entertain appeal after 120 days even if there was sufficient cause.
2026 LLR 211
DELHI HIGH COURT
EPFO, as per its circular, must consider representation for payment of interest by way of installments.
2026 LLR 208
MADHYA PRADESH HIGH COURT
The nature of payment, and not its label, is decisive factor to ascertain as to whether PF is payable on it.
2026 LLR 202
BOMBAY HIGH COURT
Order of EPFO rejecting a review application without hearing the establishment is to be set aside.
2026 LLR 222
GAUHATI HIGH COURT
No recovery against principal employer when it was not made part in the original proceedings.
2026 LLR 218
GUJARAT HIGH COURT
EPFO should have the specific record of each employee before imposing any liability upon the employer.
2026 LLR 227
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Jurisdictional objection to "industry" status is waived if not raised before the Labour Court.
2026 LLR WEB 640
JHARKHAND HIGH COURT
Trade union recognition and name disputes must be resolved by Registrar, not writ court.
2026 LLR WEB 643
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Tribunal's Section 33(2)(b) inquiry is limited to prima facie compliance, not merits review.
2026 LLR WEB 641
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Outsourced workers' conditions must conform to constitutional and statutory safeguards.
2026 LLR WEB 646
GAUHATI HIGH COURT
Labour Court jurisdiction depends on prior determination of claimant's status as "workman" under Section 2(s).
2026 LLR WEB 649
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Non-renewal of fixed-term contract falls within Section 2(oo)(bb) and is not retrenchment.
2026 LLR WEB 650
PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT
Written admission of misconduct obviates domestic enquiry; proved charges validate dismissal retrospectively.
2026 LLR WEB 651
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Workman must prove employer-employee relationship through cogent documentary evidence to claim retrenchment compensation.
2026 LLR WEB 652
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Enquiry report need not be proved by examining enquiry officer if enquiry was fair.
2026 LLR WEB 653
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Daily-wage termination violating Section 25F warrants compensation, not automatic reinstatement.
2026 LLR WEB 654
PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Availability of efficacious alternative appeal precludes High Court interference under writ jurisdiction.
2026 LLR WEB 655
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Writ jurisdiction unavailable for inter-union recognition or name disputes.
2026 LLR WEB 656
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Employer's failure to prove non-employment of deceased worker attracts penalty under Employees' Compensation Act despite insurance coverage.
2026 LLR WEB 657
CHHATTISGARH HIGH COURT
Reinstatement not automatic for daily-wage workers terminated in violation of Section 25F; monetary compensation substituted where worker received substantial payments under Section 17B during litigation.
2026 LLR WEB 658
DELHI HIGH COURT
Where an establishment has branches in more than one State, the appropriate Government under Section 2(a)(1)(b) of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 is the Central Government, and authorities appointed by State Government lack inherent jurisdiction to entertain and adjudicate gratuity disputes pertaining to such establishment.
2026 LLR WEB 659
DELHI HIGH COURT
Employee drawing wages exceeding prescribed statutory ceiling at time of joining is "excluded employee" under EPF Scheme and not entitled to provident fund benefits.
2026 LLR WEB 660
DELHI HIGH COURT
Payment of wages under Section 17(B) of Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 cannot extend beyond the date of superannuation even during pendency of writ proceedings challenging reinstatement award.
2026 LLR WEB 661
DELHI HIGH COURT
Daily-wage termination violating Section 25F warrants compensation, not automatic reinstatement.
2026 LLR WEB 662
PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT
Written admission of misconduct obviates domestic enquiry; proved charges validate dismissal retrospectively.
2026 LLR WEB 663
PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT
